New European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society Guideline for the Management of Dyslipidemia

The management of dyslipidemia is one of the crucial components in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, the task force for the management of dyslipidemias of the ESC (European Society of Cardiology) and the EAS (European Atherosclerosis Society) updated their clinical guideline for the first time in 5 years. Although the new guideline maintained the previous recommendations in almost every aspect, there were some updates and modifications in the risk categorization and therapeutic modalities. In this review, I'd like to summarize the updated recommendations and differences compared to the previous version.

Señales ateroscleróticas tempranas en el escolar con antecedentes de alto peso al nacer / Early atherosclerotic signals in school-age children with a history of high birth weight

OBJETIVO. identificar de forma precoz señales ateroscleróticas tempranas (SAT) en escolares que tienen antecedentes de macrosomía o alto peso al nacer. MÉTODOS. se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de tipo caso-control con los niños nacidos en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Ramón González Coro". Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se confeccionó una historia clínica con los datos personales, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, aspectos dietéticos y datos relacionados con el nacimiento. Se realizó un examen físico minucioso que incluyó un estudio antropométrico y la medición de la tensión arterial. Se indicaron estudios humorales como glucemia, colesterol, ésteres del colesterol y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS. en el grupo de estudio hubo un 56,43 % de pacientes sin SAT y un 43,57 % con SAT. En el grupo control, el 59,00 % de los pacientes no tenían SAT y un 41,00 % sí los tenían. CONCLUSIONES. el alto peso al nacer no constituye un predictor para las señales ateroscleróticas tempranas, aunque los autores desconocemos la existencia de reportes anteriores en la edad escolar y en los existentes no se señala que los pacientes fueran macrosómicos.

INTRODUCTION: in most cases atherosclerosis is a silent chronic condition whose presence is generally unknown by both the patient and their family. It often starts with a big atherosclerotic crisis (sudden death, acute myocardial infarction or cerebral hemorrhage). In recent decades it has been found to be the main cause of death, hospital morbidity, invalidity, disability and loss of quality of life in both developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE: identify early atherosclerotic signals (EAS) among school-age children with a history of macrosomia or high birth weight. METHODS: a descriptive case-control study was conducted with children born at Ramón González Coro maternity hospital. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A medical record was developed which included personal details, personal and family pathological antecedents, dietary information and birth-related data. A thorough physical examination was performed, including an anthropometric study and blood pressure measurements. Humoral studies such as glycemia, cholesterol, cholesterol esters and triglycerides were indicated. RESULTS: in the study group 43.57% of the patients had EAS and 56.43% did not. In the control group 41.00% of the patients had EAS and 59.00% did not. CONCLUSIONS: high birth weight is not a predictor of early atherosclerotic signals. The authors are not aware of any previous report about school age, and existing reports do not state whether the patients were macrosomic.

Comparison of Anterior Capsule Opening after Silicone Intraocular Lens Implantation with and without Capsular Tension Ring

To evaluate the effect of capsular tension ring on prevention of capsular opening reduction induced by CCC in Phacoemulsification with silicone intraocular lens implantation, we prospectively studied 60 patients (60 eyes)who were operated from Sept, 1997 to Jun, 1998 at our hospital.All patients had standardized Phacoemulsification, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and intraocular lens implantation performed by the same surgeon.Patients were randomized into two groups based on capsular tension ring insertion.We compared uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism and the data obtained by the Anterior Eye Segment Analysis System (EAS-1000), anterior chamber depth, IOL tilting, decenteration, and anterior capsule opening area at 1 week and 1, 3, 6 months after surgery.Two groups showed a similar pattern of change of UCVA, SE and astigmatism. There are no statistical significances in comparison of anterior chamber depth and IOL decenteration in two groups, but IOL tilting of group II is greater than that of group I at 6 months after surgery.The mean anterior capsular opening area at 1, 3, 6 months postoperatively was smaller than that of 1 week in two groups, but no statistical significances were observed in group II (1, 3, 6 months, P = or > .05).The mean percentage reduction of group I was significantly smaller than that of group II at 3 and 6 months (P<.05)after surgery.Capsular tension ring might prevent a contraction of capsular opening and might enhance the stability of IOL.

Quantitative Analysis of Anterior Capsule Opening after PMMA, Silicone and Acrylic Intraocular Lens Implantation

To quantify the periodic changes in the area of anterior capsule opening after cataract surgery and to compare any difference between polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone and soft acrylic IOLs, we prospectively studied 442 patients (465 eyes)who were operated from September 1997 to November 1999 at our hospital.All patients had standardized phacoemulsification, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and intraocular lens implantation performed by the same surgeon.Patients were randomized into three groups based on the type of intraocular lens.The area of anterior capsule opening was quantitated using the Anterior Eye Segment Analysis System (EAS-1000), and examinations were performed at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.The mean anterior capsular opening area at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively was smaller than that of 1 week in all 3 groups (P<.05)and the mean percentage of reduction in the PMMA and soft acrylic intraocular lens groups was significantly smaller than that in the silicone intraocular lens group at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (P<.05).In the silicone group, the contraction of the anterior capsule opening was greater than either PMMA or soft acrylic intraocular lens groups.Further studies will be needed for the evaluation of clinical application of silicone and soft acrylic intraocular lens.

Biometric analysis of anterior segments of the eye with Scheimpflug Camera according to the type of cataract

We measured the lens thickness and anterior chamber depth on 214 eyes (162 cataract eyes, 52 normal control eyes) using the EAS-1000 Scheimpflug camera. And the results was compared with measurement of A-scan ultrasonography in 49 cataract eyes. The thickness of cataract lens, especially in anterior subcapsular opacities in over 61 years old was significantly thin rather than control lens (p0.05). Lens thickness was increased with age by an annual rate of 0.0l5mm in monnal eyes (p